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John Bos II Part 2, 1860s

John Bos II Part 2, 1860s

John Bos II mini-pedigree from Ancestry.com

Yeah, ain't got much for John Bos and his family.  They are still in the Netherlands, and if anything happened, I don't have access to that documentation.  If you know anything, contact me using the form on the right, or drop me a comment below.

1860

Abraham Lincoln is Nominated President

Lincoln's election for President was followed by South Carolina's succession from the Union.  Its senators had resigned from Congress and several of the Southern states were looking to leaving it as well.  With Lincoln not inaugurated there was little he could do, and it was only a matter of time before the Confederate States united (Pearson, 2017).



In Other News for 1860

  • Henry Repeating Rifle    
    • Benjamin Henry perfects the Henry rifle which was manufactured by the New Haven Arms Company, and used in considerable numbers by certain Union army units in the American Civil War.  Confederates called the Henry "that damned Yankee rifle that they load on Sunday and shoot all week!" (Person, 2017).
  • Pony Express    
    • The 'Pony Express' mail service used horseback riders in 157 Pony Express relay stations across the prairies, plains, deserts, and mountains of the Western United States to deliver messages between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in about ten days.  After only 1 year, in march 1861 after suffering large losses and not gaining the mail contract The Pony Express Company ceased trading  (Person, 2017).
  • South Carolina Secedes from the Union    
    • South Carolina was the first state to vote to secede from the Union and was the founding state of the Confederate States of America (Pearson, 2017).

1861

Abraham Lincoln is President of the United States 1861 - 1865


In Other News for 1861

  • The Apache Declare War on the US (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • The Beginning of the Civil War    
    • The Confederate States of America were formed by South Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Louisiana, Alabama, Florida, and Texas, and joined by Virginia, Tennessee, ARkansas and North Carolina, and it was the Confederacy's attack on Fort Sumpter on April 12th that starts the Civil War.  The Kansas Free-Staters had prevailed, and Kansas had joined the Union on January 9th.  The C.S.A.'s capital was in Montgomery, Alabama before being replaced by Richmond, Virginia.  Its flag was the Stars and Bars.  South Carolina had ceded from the Union on 20 December 1860.  A sceptic of how well the northern States would treat freed slaves was George Fitzhugh, who had negated the North's ability to treat the slaves well 'because the master allows the slave to retain a larger share of the results of his own labor, than do the employers of free labour'  (Person, 2017).
  • Civil War -- 1861-1865     
    • Union Blockades Confederate Ports    The Union Navy maintained blockades on Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports of the Confederate States of America designed to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the confederacy (Person, 2017).
  • Confederate States of America Exists from 1861 to 1865 (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • Colorado organized as a territory (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • First United States Income Tax    
    • The first United States income tax was imposed in July 1861, at 3% of all incomes over 800 dollars in order to help pay for the war effort in the American Civil War (Person, 2017).
  • Gold Rush in New Zealand (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • Kansas enters the union as the 34th state (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • Nevada organized as a territory (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • North Dakota and South Dakota organized as a territory (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
  • Stonewall Jackson    
    • During the First Battle of Bull Run during the Civil War, a Confederate General Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson gained his nickname.  Stonewall became his brigade under his leadership refused to relinquish ground even though the "Stonewall Brigade" suffered more casualties than any other Southern brigade that day  (Person, 2017).
  • Transcontinental Telegraph completed (OurTimelines.com, 2018).
In Other News for 1862

  • The Homestead Act    
    • President Abraham Lincoln signs into law the original Homestead Act.  This act gave an applicant freehold title to up to 160 acres (1/4 section, 65 hectares) of undeveloped federal land outside the original 13 colonies.  The law required three steps:  file an application, improve the land, and file for deed of title.  Anyone who had never taken up arms against the US government, including freed slaves, could file an application and evidence of improvements to a federal land office.  Homesteading laws and rules changed over the years but was discontinued (Except in Alaska) more than 100 years after the first act in 1976 (Person, 2017).
  • Gatling Gun    
    • Richard Gatling's Gatling Gun appears this year, and initially uses a single barrel and a paper cartridge (Person, 2017).
  • Virginia is Divided into Two    
    • With Western Virginia going to the Union and driving out its Confederate soldiers, the State of Virginia becomes two separate states.  General McClellan tells Abraham Lincoln that the West Virginians were not in support of the Ordinance of Secession (Person, 2017).

In Other News for 1863

  • Arizona organized as a territory  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Battle of Gettysburg  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
    • Famous Gettysburg Address delivered by President Lincoln (Person, 2017). *** provide copy?***
  • Congress Passes First Conscription Act    
    • The act stated that men aged between 20 and 45 years were required to register for service, but the law favoured the rich because for $300 you could hire a substitute to fight in your place therefore avoiding going to war (Person, 2017).
  • Emancipation Proclamation frees southern slaves  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
    • The Emancipation Proclamation was made by Abraham Lincoln on January 1st.  It freed all First Confederate slaves and had followed from the statements he made after 1862's Battle of Antietam.  He was not able to declare from within the boundaries of Confederate states, but from the battle lines of the confliciting armies as the comander-in-chief.  It allowed the Union to recruit black soldiers (and succeeded in over 180,000 of them joining) (Person, 2017).
  • Underground Railway    
    • The First underground railway between Paddington Station and Farringdon Street via King's Cross "The Metropolitan Railway" is completed in London, England, now part of The London Underground  (Person, 2017).
  • Idaho organized as a territory  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • West Virginia enters the union as the 35th state (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 


In other news for 1864

  • First Use of Submarine in Warfare    
    • A Confederate submarine, the Hunley, is the first submarine to torpedo an enemy vessel. It sank three times (which included the death of its inventor, Horace Hunley) before deployment against a Union blockade of Charleston, South Carolina. It sank (with all nine crew) shortly after its attack on the sloop Housatonic (Person, 2017).
  • Louisiana organized as a territory (OurTimelines.com, 2018)
  • Nevada enters the union as the 36th state (OurTimelines.com, 2018)
  • Ulysses S Grant    
    • This was the year that Ulysses S Grant was made commander of all Union Forces (a position in which he served until 1865) (Person, 2017).


In other news for 1865

  • The Appomattox campaign of 1865 took place in March to April, and was made up of numerous engagements in Virginia. 
    • The number of dead was never particularly high in any particular encounter, but resulted in a war of attrition, and the surrounding of the Confederate forces (in which Lee said that it was 'a mere question of time' in resolution). Robert E. Lee's surrender of the Confederate army at Appomattox courthouse to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9th was the end of the war (Person, 2017).
  • The End of the Civil War
  • Ku Klux Klan founded  (OurTimelines.com, 2018)      
    • A group of Confederate veterans convenes to form the secret society the "Ku Klux Klan." The KKK wished to ensure the local African American population did not gain civil and legal rights (Person, 2017).
  • Lister invents Disinfection  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • President Lincoln is assassinated (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
    • It was on April 14th that President Lincoln was shot and mortally wounded by John Wilkes Booth while attending the comedy "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C. He died the next day (Person, 2017).
  • The Thirteenth Ammendment Ratified    
    • The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime (Person, 2017).

1866

1866-1868  Andrew Johnson president of the United States of America





In other news for 1866
  • Dynamite     
    • Alfred Nobel a Swedish chemist, engineer and armaments manufacturer discovers that when when nitroglycerin was mixed with kieselguhr powder it became safer and more convenient to handle, he called his invention Dynamite. Some years later a French newspaper published his obituary stating "The Merchant of Death Is Dead", the first line said "Dr Alfred Nobel who became rich by finding ways of killing more people faster than ever before has died". Nobel was shocked when he read the obituary and decided he did not want to be remembered that way following his death, When he died in 1896 he set aside $9 million dollars to set up the Nobel Prizes awarded in recognition of cultural and scientific advances (Person, 2017).
  • Indian Wars Continue     
    • Red Cloud of the Sioux Tribe leads his tribe into battle against white settlers in Montana and Wyoming on the Bozeman Trail.  The Snake (Northern Paiute Tribe) attack settlers and miners in Oregon and Idaho.  These attacks continued for two years until the Army forced the tribes back to reservations (Person, 2017).
  • Jesse James     
    • Jesse and his brother Frank James, who were Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War, turn to crime when they create the James-Younger Gang. Their first robbery is the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States in peacetime of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of Liberty, Missouri, on February 13, 1866 (Person, 2017).
  • Mitchell Walker is the first elected US black official, of Massachusetts (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Reconstruction Following Civil War     
    • Congress removed the civilian governments in the South in 1867 and put the former Confederacy under the rule of the US Army.  The army then conducted new elections in which the freed slaves could vote while those who held leading positions under the Confederacy were denied the vote and could not run for office (Person, 2017).

1867

Ulysses S Grant

Ulysses S Grant was elected as the 18th President of the United States (Person, 2017).




In Other News for 1867
  • Alaska purchased from Russia  (OurTimelines.com, 2018)    
  • Alaska Purchased from Russia     
    • The northwestern tip of the North American continent is purchased from Russia by America. Its 586,412 square miles were negotiated for by Andrew Johnson's Secretary of State, William Seward, and was unpopular with the press: who had called it 'Seward's Icebox' among other things. The purchase was to have difficult passage through both the Senate and House of Representatives. The purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million meant the US was paying roughly two cents per acre of land (Person, 2017).
  • Confederation of Canada  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Diamonds discovered in South Africa  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution      
    • Section 1 of the Amendment was able to overrule 1857's Dred Scott Decision (in the Supreme Court) to deny citizenship to slaves. It states that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction of thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State in which they reside. Section 4 had gone on to prevent claims for the loss or emancipation of slaves (Person, 2017).
  • Nebraska enters the Union as the 37th state (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 

1869

Ulysses S Grant is President of the United States from 1869-1876      At the age of 46, Ulysses S. Grant was the youngest man to have served as President. His lack of political experience did not make him an unpopular President, and he won reelection by a large margin, but his second term was plagued by scandal and intrigue. His allowance of an amnesty for Confederate officers was not as approbatory as his support of black civil rights. His appointment of a Native American as the commissioner for Indian Affairs was also looked at favorably (and the appointee had also been one of his staff officers) (Person, 2017).




In Other News for 1869
  • Cutty Sark is built  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Financial Black Friday caused by an attempt to corner the gold market  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Suez Canal opened  (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Trans-continental railroad completed (OurTimelines.com, 2018) 
  • Wyoming Gives Women the Vote     
    • Wyoming becomes the first state to enfranchise women, and goes on to put the right into its 1889 constitution (Person, 2017).
  • First Pro Baseball Team     
    • Cincinnati Red Stockings became the first professional baseball team. Each player was paid a salary, with the highest paid player, shortstop George Wright, earning $1,400 per season � a value equal to almost $23,000 a year now. Find Out More About Major League Baseball including history, growth, origins, records, great players and teams from the modern game (Person, 2017).

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Resources

 Dayspringacres. (2019). John Johannes Bos II mini-pedigree. Retrieved April 6, 2020, from Ancestry: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/14582634/person/293717283/story

 OurTimelines.com. (2018). TimeLines. (Timelines courtesy of www.ourtimelines.com. Timeline formatting and technology copyright © 2000-2018 ourtimelines.com, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED under the Pan-American Conventions.) Retrieved from OurTimeLines.com: http://ourtimelines.com/ 

 Pearson, S. (2017). 1880 The People History. Retrieved December 30, 2016, from 1880 to 1889 Important News, Significant Events, Key Technology: http://www.thepeoplehistory.com/1880to1889.html
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